Exercise 10.1
1. Find the perimeter of each of the following
figures:
Solution
Perimeter is the distance covered along
the boundary forming a closed figure when you go round the figure once.
a)
Perimeter = 4 +
2 + 1 + 5 = 12 cm
b)
Perimeter = 35 +
23 + 35 + 40 = 133 cm
c)
Perimeter = 15 +
15 + 15 + 15 = 60 cm
d)
Perimeter = 4 +
4+ 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 cm
e)
Perimeter = 1 +
4 + 0.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 0.5 + 4 = 15 cm
f)
Perimeter = 4 +
1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 52
cm
2. The lid of a rectangular box of sides 40 cm by
10 cm is sealed all round with tape. What is the length of the tape required?
Solution
As the lid of the box is sealed around with a tape,
we need to find the perimeter of the rectangular box.
Length of the rectangular box = 40 cm
Width of the box = 10 cm
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (length + width)
So, length of tape required = perimeter of the
rectangular box = 2 (40 + 10) = 2(50) = 100 cm
3. A table-top measures 2 m 25 cm by 1 m 50 cm.
What is the perimeter of the table-top?
Solution
Length of the table-top = 2 m 25 cm = 2 m + 0.25 m
= 2.25 m
Width of the table-top = 1 m 50 cm = 1 m + 0.50 m =
1.50 m
Perimeter = 2(length + width) = 2(2.25 + 1.50) =
2(3.75) = 7.50 m
4. What is the length of the wooden strip required
to frame a photograph of length and breadth 32 cm and 21 cm respectively?
Solution
A frame is put around the photograph and hence to
find the length of the wooden strip to frame we find the perimeter of the
photograph.
Length of the photograph = 32 cm
Width of the photograph = 21 cm
Perimeter = 2(length + width) = 2(32 + 21) = 2(53)
= 106 cm
5. A rectangular piece of land measures 0.7 km by
0.5 km. Each side is to be fenced with 4 rows of wires. What is the length of
the wire needed?
Solution
Length of the rectangular land = 0.7 km
Width of the land = 0.5 km
The rectangular land is to be fenced all around
with wire. Hence, perimeter of the rectangular land = length of the wire.
Perimeter = 2(length + width) = 2(0.7 + 0.5) =
2(1.2) = 2.4 km
Each side is to be fenced with 4 rows of wires.
Therefore, total length of the wire needed is 4 times the perimeter.
Total length of wire needed = 4(2.4) = 9.6 km
6. Find the perimeter of each of the following
shapes:
(a) A triangle of sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.
(b) An equilateral triangle of side 9 cm.
(c) An isosceles triangle with equal sides 8 cm
each and third side 6 cm.
Solution
a) Perimeter = (3 cm + 4 cm + 5 cm = 12 cm
b) An equilateral triangle is a triangle whose
sides are equal.
Given, side of an equilateral triangle = 9 cm
Perimeter = 9 cm + 9 cm + 9 cm OR 3 × 9 = 27 cm
c) An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two
equal sides.
Given, equal sides = 8 cm and third side = 6 cm
Perimeter = 8 cm + 8 cm + 6 cm OR (2 × 8) + 6 cm =
22 cm
7. Find the perimeter of a triangle with sides
measuring 10 cm, 14 cm and 15 cm.
Solution
Perimeter of a triangle = 10 cm + 14 cm + 15 cm =
39 cm
8. Find the perimeter of a regular hexagon with
each side measuring 8 m.
Solution
A regular hexagon has six sides which are equal.
Given the measure of a side of a hexagon = 8 m
Therefore, Perimeter of the hexagon = 6 × 8 = 48 m
9. Find the side of the square whose perimeter is
20 m.
Solution
Perimeter of a square = 4 × side of a square
Given Perimeter = 20 m
So, 20 m = 4 × side
Side of the square = 20 / 4 = 5 m
10. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 100 cm.
How long is its each side?
Solution
A regular pentagon has five sides which are equal.
So, perimeter of a regular hexagon = 5 × side.
Given the perimeter of a regular hexagon = 100 cm
So, 100 cm = 5 × side
Side = 100 / 5 = 20 cm
11. A piece of string is 30 cm long. What will be
the length of each side if the string is used to form:
(a) A square? (b) An equilateral triangle? (c) A
regular hexagon?
Solution
a) The string is used to form a square and hence the
length of the string is the perimeter of the shape formed.
So perimeter of the square formed = 30 cm = The
length of the string.
Perimeter of a square is 4 × side
So, 4 × side = 30 cm
Side = 30 / 4 = 7.5 cm
b) The string is used to form an equilateral
triangle and hence the length of the string is the perimeter of the shape
formed.
So perimeter of the equilateral triangle formed =
30 cm
Perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 3 × side.
[An equilateral triangle has three equal sides]
So, 3 × side = 30 cm
Side = 30 / 3 = 10 cm
c) The string is used to form a regular hexagon and
hence the length of the string is the perimeter of the shape formed.
So perimeter of the regular hexagon formed = 30 cm
Perimeter of an regular hexagon is 6 × side. [A
regular hexagon has six equal sides]
So, 6 × side = 30 cm
Side = 30 / 6 = 5 cm
12. Two sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 14 cm.
The perimeter of the triangle is 36 cm. What is its third side?
Solution
Perimeter of the triangle = 36 cm
Sides of the triangle = 12 cm and 14 cm
We know that the perimeter of a triangle = sum of
all the sides.
That is, 36 cm = 12 cm + 14 cm + third side
36 = 26 + third side
Third side = 36 – 26 = 10 cm
Hence, the measure of the third side of the
triangle is 10 cm
13. Find the cost of fencing a square park of side
250 m at the rate of Rs 20 per metre.
Solution
Side of the square = 250m
The square park is to be fenced all around and
hence we need to find the perimeter of the park, i.e. length of fencing
required = perimeter of the square.
Perimeter of a square = 4 × side = 4 × 250 = 1000 m
So, Length of fencing required = 1000 m
Now, cost of fencing per meter = Rs. 20
So, cost of fencing 1000 m = 1000 × 20 = Rs. 20,000
14. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular park of
length 175 m and breadth 125 m at the rate of Rs 12 per metre.
Solution
Length of the rectangular park is 175 m
Width of the rectangular park is 125 m
Perimeter of the park = 2(length + width) = 2(175 +
125) = 2(300) = 600 m
Cost of fencing per meter = Rs. 12
Cost of fencing the park is = 600 × 12 = Rs. 7200
15. Sweety runs around a square park of side 75 m.
Bulbul runs around a rectangular park with length 60 m and breadth 45 m. Who
covers less distance?
Solution
Sweety and Bulbul run around the park and hence the
distance covered by them is the perimeter of the park.
Sweety runs around a square park of side 75 m.
Perimeter of the park = 4 × side = 4 × 75 = 300 m
Bulbul runs around a rectangular park of length 60
m and width 45 m
Perimeter of the rectangular park = 2(length +
width) = 2(60 + 45) = 2(105) = 210 m
So, Distance covered by Sweety is 300 m and by
Bulbul is 210 m.
Therefore, Bulbul covers lesser distance.
16. What is the perimeter of each of the following figures?
What do you infer from the answers?
Solution
a) Perimeter = 25 + 25 + 25 + 25 = 4 × 25 = 100 cm
b) Perimeter = 20 + 30 + 20 + 30 = 2(20 + 30) =
2(50) = 100 cm
c) Perimeter = 10 + 40 + 10 + 40 = 2(10 + 40) =
2(50) = 100 cm
d) Perimeter = 30 + 30 + 40 = 100 cm
Inference: The perimeters of the shapes are all
equal.
17. Avneet buys 9 square paving slabs, each with a
side of ½ m. He lays them in the form of a
square.
(a) What is the perimeter of his arrangement (i)?
(b) Shari does not like his arrangement. She gets
him to lay them out like a cross.
What is the perimeter of her arrangement [(ii)]?
(c) Which has greater perimeter?
(d) Avneet wonders if there is a way of getting an
even greater perimeter. Can you find a way of doing this? (The paving slabs
must meet along complete edges i.e. they cannot be broken.)
Solution
a) Avneet arranges his slabs as shown in i).
The side of each square is ½ m and hence the length
of the side of the square formed is
½ + ½ + ½ = 1 ½ m
So, Perimeter of the square formed is 4 × 1 ½ = 4 ×
3/2 = 12/2 = 6 m
b) Shari arranges as shown below:
So, the Perimeter of this shape = ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1
+ 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 + ½ + 1 + 1 = 10 m
c) Shari’s arrangement has a greater perimeter.
d) No, it
cannot be arranged such that the perimeter of the image is greater than 10 cm.
Exercise 10.2
1. Find the areas of the following figures by
counting square:
The area of one full square is
taken as 1 sq. unit. If it is a centimetre square sheet, then area of one full
square will be 1 sq. cm.
Ignore portions of the area that
are less than half a square.
If more than half of a square is
in a region, just count it as one square.
If exactly half the square is
counted, take its area as ½ sq. unit.
a) There are 9 full squares. So, Area of the shape
= 9 sq. units
b) There are 5 full squares and so the area of the
shape is 5 sq. units.
c) There are 2 full squares and 4 exactly half
squares. So, Area of the shape = 2 + 4 × ½ = 2 + 2 = 4 sq. units.
d) There are 8 full squares and hence the area of
the shape is 8 sq. units.
e) There are 10 full squares and hence the area of
the shape is 10 sq. units.
f) There are 2 full squares and 4 exactly half
squares. So, Area of the shape = 2 + 4 × ½ = 2 + 2 = 4 sq. units.
g) There are 4 full squares and 4 exactly half
squares. So, Area of the shape = 4 + 4 × ½ = 4 + 2 = 6 sq. units.
h) There are 5 full squares and hence the area of
the shape is 5 sq. units.
i) There are 9 full squares and hence the area of
the shape is 9 sq. units.
j) There are 2 full squares and 4 exactly half
squares. So, Area of the shape = 2 + 4 × ½ = 2 + 2 = 4 sq. units.
k) There are 4 full squares and 2 exactly half
squares. So, Area of the shape = 4 + 2 × ½ = 4 + 1 = 5 sq. units.
l) Less than half filled squares– 4; Area estimate
= 0
More than half filled squares – 3; Area estimate =
3 sq. units
Half-filled squares – 2; Area estimate = 2 × ½ = 1
sq. unit
Full squares – 2; area estimate = 2 sq. units.
Area of the shape = 0 + 3 + 1 + 2 = 6 sq. units
m) Less than half filled squares – 5; Area estimate
= 0
More than half filled squares – 9; Area estimate = 9
sq. units
Half-filled squares – 0; Area estimate = 0
Full squares – 5; area estimate = 5 sq. units.
Total area of the shape is 9 + 5 = 14 sq. units.
n) Less than half filled squares – 6; Area estimate
= 0
More than half filled squares – 10; Area estimate =
10 sq. units
Half-filled squares – 0; Area estimate = 0
Full squares – 8; area estimate = 8 sq. units.
Total area of the shape is 10 + 8 = 18 sq. units.
Exercise 10.3
1. Find the areas of the rectangles whose sides are:
(a) 3 cm and 4 cm (b) 12 m and 21 m (c) 2 km and 3
km (d) 2 m and 70 cm
Solution
Area of a
rectangle = length × breadth
a) Length = 3 cm; breadth = 4 cm
Area = 3 × 4 = 12 sq. cm
b) Length = 12 m; breadth = 21 m
Area = 12 × 21 = 252 sq. m
c) Length
= 2 km; breadth = 3 km
Area = 2 × 3 = 6 sq. km
d) Length = 2 m; breadth = 70 cm = 0.7 m
Area = 2 × 0.7 = 1.4 sq. m
2. Find the areas of the squares whose sides are:
(a) 10 cm (b) 14 cm (c) 5 m
Solution
Area of a square = side × side
a) Side = 10 cm
Area = 10 × 10 = 100 sq. cm
b) Side =
14 cm
Area = 14 × 14 = 196 sq. cm
c) Side = 5 m
Area = 5 × 5 = 25 sq. m
3. The length and breadth of three rectangles are
as given below:
(a) 9 m and 6 m (b) 17 m and 3 m (c) 4 m and 14 m
Which one has the largest area and which one has
the smallest?
Solution
a) Length
= 9 m; breadth = 6 m
Area = 9 × 6 = 54 sq. m
b) Length
= 17 m; breadth = 3 m
Area = 17 × 3 = 51 sq. m
c) Length = 4 m; breadth = 14 m
Area = 4 × 14 = 56 sq. m
c) has the largest area and b) has the smallest area.
4. The area of a rectangular garden 50 m long is
300 sq. m. find the width of the garden.
Solution
Length of the rectangular garden is 50 m
Area = 300 sq. m
Area of a rectangle = length × breadth
I.e. 300 = 50 × breadth
Breadth = 300 / 50 = 6 m
So, breadth (width) of the garden is 6 m.
5. What is the cost of tiling a rectangular plot of
land 500 m long and 200 m wide at the rate of Rs 8 per hundred sq. m.?
Solution
To tile a rectangular plot we need to find the area
of the plot.
Given length of the plot = 500 m
Width of the plot = 200 m
So, area of the plot = 500 × 200 = 1,00,000 sq. m
The cost of tiling 100 sq. m = Rs 8.
So, the cost of tiling 1,00,000 sq. m is (8 ×
1,00,000)/100 = Rs. 8,000
6. A table-top measures 2 m by 1 m 50 cm. What is
its area in square metres?
Solution
Length of the table-top = 2 m
Width of the table-top = 1 m 50 cm = 1.50 m
So, area of the table-top = length × breadth = 2 ×
1.50 = 3 sq. m
7. A room is 4 m long and 3 m 50 cm wide. How many
square metres of carpet are needed to cover the floor of the room?
Solution
Length of the room is 4 m
Width of the room is 3 m 50 cm = 3.50 m
To carpet the room we need to find the area of the
floor.
So, Area of the room = length × breadth = 4 × 3.50
= 14 sq. m
Therefore, 14 sq. metres of carpet is needed to
cover the floor of the room.
8. A floor is 5 m long and 4 m wide. A square
carpet of sides 3 m is laid on the floor. Find the area of the floor that is
not carpeted.
Solution
Given Length of the floor = 5 m
Width of the floor = 4 m
A square carpet is laid on the floor as shown
below.
We need to find the area of the shaded portion.
Area of the square carpet = 3 × 3 = 9 sq. m
So, 9 sq. m of the floor is covered with carpet.
Total area of the floor = 5 × 4 = 20 sq. m
So, area of the floor that is not carpeted = 20 – 9
= 11 sq. m
9. Five square flower beds each of sides 1 m are dug
on a piece of land 5 m long and 4 m wide. What is the area of the remaining
part of the land?
Solution
Area of the piece of land = 5 × 4 = 20 sq. m
Area of each flower bed = 1 × 1 = 1 sq. m
Five square beds are dug on the land.
So, area of five such flower beds = 5 sq. m
So, area of the remaining part of the land is the
shaded portion shown above.
Area of the remaining part = Area of the piece of
land – area of the 5 flower beds.
= 20 – 5 = 15 sq. m
10. By splitting the following figures into
rectangles, find their areas (The measures are given in centimetres).
Solution
a)
Let the split the rectangles as shown below.
Area of A:
Length = 4 cm, Breadth = 3 cm; Area = 4 × 3 = 12
sq. cm
Area of B:
Length = 3 cm, Breadth = 2 + 1 = 3 cm; Area = 3 × 3
= 9 sq. cm
Area of C:
Length = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 cm, Breadth = (4 + 1) – 3 =
2 cm; Area = 4 × 2 = 8 sq. cm
Area of D:
Length = Breadth = 1 cm; Area = 1 sq. cm
Part D is a portion in both Part A and B.
So, Total area of the shape is = 12 + 9 + 8 – 1 = 28
sq. cm
b) The splitting can be done as shown below:
Area of A:
Length = 3 cm, Breadth = 1 cm; Area = 3 sq. cm
Area of B:
Length = 3 cm, Breadth = 1 cm; Area = 3 sq. cm
Area of C:
Length = 3 cm; Breadth = 1 cm; Area = 3 sq. cm
Total area of the shape = 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 sq. cm
11. Split the following shapes into rectangles and
find their areas. (The measures are given in centimetres)
Solution
a) The splitting can be done as follows:
Area of A = 12 × 2 = 24 sq. cm
Area of B = 8 × 2 = 16 sq. cm
Total area = 24 + 16 = 40 sq. cm
b) The splitting can be done as follows:
Area of A = 7 × 7 = 49 sq. cm
Area of B = 7 × 21 = 147 sq. cm
Area of C = 7 × 7 = 49 sq. cm
Total area of the shape = 49 + 147 + 49 = 245 sq.
cm
c) The splitting can be done as shown below:
Area of A = 5 × 1 = 5 sq. cm
Area of B = 4 × 1 = 4 sq. cm
Total area = 5 + 4 = 9 sq. cm
12. How many tiles whose length and breadth are 12
cm and 5 cm respectively will be needed to fit in a rectangular region whose
length and breadth are respectively: (a) 100 cm and 144 cm (b) 70 cm and 36 cm.
Solution
Length of the tile = 12 cm; Breadth of the tile = 5
cm
Area of one tile = 12 × 5 = 60 sq. cm
a) Length of the rectangular region = 100 cm
Breadth of the rectangular region = 144 cm
Area of the rectangular region = 100 × 144 = 14400
sq. cm
Therefore, number of tiles needed = 14400/60 = 240
tiles
b) Length of the rectangular region = 70 cm
Breadth of the rectangular region = 36 cm
Area of the rectangular region = 70 × 36 = 2520 sq.
cm
Therefore, number of tiles needed = 2520/60 = 42
tiles
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